The Most ‘Chinese’ Chinese Characters

From here
Characters representing Chinese society & civilization:
耕、禾、农、家、田、丝、工
Characters related to Chinese philosophy, religion, society & thought:
儒、道、佛、悟 (probably concepts like 顿悟)、戒 (三戒 and 八戒 eight precepts¹)
Characters representing Chinese feelings:
中、东、北、土、社、九、鼎、国
Characters representing key Confucian terms:
天²、和 (harmony)、礼³、道⁴、德、仁⁵、义、忠、信
Characters related to Chinese folk culture:
龙、凤、宝、玉
Others: 善、淡⁶、贪

1 The Buddhist "eight precepts" (via Digital Dictionary of Buddhism)

1. not to kill
2. not to take things not given
3. no ignoble (i.e. sexual) conduct
4. not to speak falsely
5. not to drink wine
6. not to indulge in cosmetics, personal adornments, dancing, or music
7. not to sleep on fine beds, but on a mat on the ground
8. not to eat out of regulation hours, i.e. after noon

2 天 “was viewed as a personal entity responsible for various natural phenomena, having control over human affairs, and having emotions and the capacity to act.”
3 礼“originally referred to rites of sacrifice, and later came to be used to refer to rules of conduct governing ceremonial behavior as well as behavior in other social contexts.”
4 道 is not just the Daoist “way” above. It's also any philosophy's “right way.”
5 仁 “attributes as wisdom, courage, filial piety, conscientiousness, trustworthiness” etc.
6 The person who recommended this character meant something like "calm" (淡定).